This will be enabled by splitting RAN functions, including the separation of the user plane (UP) and the control plane (CP) in higher layers. Some 5G requirements - such as ultra-low latency and ultra-high throughput - require highly flexible RAN architecture and topology.
This capability will be achieved by applying carrier aggregation, dual connectivity, CoMP, and a number of MIMO and beamforming schemes. The best combination of any radio beam within reach of a user should be used for connectivity across all access network technologies, antenna points, and sites. In light of these cost and performance requirements, a number of capabilities are shaping the evolution path of RAN architecture: Seamless Radio Resource Management The evolution of RAN architecture therefore needs to include measures for enhanced spectrum efficiency that are harmonized with other improvements in the areas of hardware performance and energy efficiency. Cost is naturally a factor, as spectrum availability and site infrastructure continue to dominate operator expenditure for wide-area systems. The changes to architecture include the capability to place selected functions closer to the network edge, for example, and the ability to increase RAN resilience. The requirements created by extreme MBB, the IoT, and massive MTC call for an alternative to today’s deployment architectures.
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